Sawdust, a byproduct of the woodworking and timber industry, has long been considered a waste material. However, through the process of pyrolysis, sawdust can be converted into valuable sawdust charcoal. This transformation not only addresses environmental concerns related to sawdust disposal but…

Charcoal production is a centuries-old process that continues to play a significant role in various industries today. Wood serves as the primary feedstock for charcoal production, and its type has a profound influence on the final product's characteristics. Factors such as wood density, moisture…

Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most widely used plastics, with applications ranging from packaging materials to household goods. Due to its extensive presence in both consumer products and waste streams, PE has become a key target for plastic recycling technologies. Among various recycling methods,…